Stages Of Cognitive And Moral Development - 810 Words

Stages of cognitive and moral development, Interests and learning styles, and Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences To meet my students’ needs, I will begin supporting them psychologically, academically and develop classes that appeal to a wide range of different bits of intelligence. I am going to develop assorted techniques to construct my lesson activities that allow students to relate to the subject matter in ways that fit their interests, learning styles and strengths. I have many students who show abilities in different areas of intellect consequently I will let them work in collaborative education groups, either merging diverse intelligence styles or gathering them, is going to be a successful strategy. Alternatively, I will let my learners express their strengths in several areas of intelligence, they will be able to feel comfortable and capable. I will take in consideration Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences and I will get thes e types of intelligence involved in my lesson activities too, with the goal that each student can be encouraged to examine and celebrate their own skills, for example: I will utilize team tactics for learners that have an interpersonal intelligence inclination, they will develop cooperative learning skills as they solve problems, answer questions, create learning games, brainstorm ideas and discuss the present theme together. In the case of students with Intrapersonal Intelligence, they will exploreShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development And Kohlberg s Stages Of Moral Development1439 Words   |  6 PagesThe two life stages that I focused on are: Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development and Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development. According to psychologist Jean Piaget, kids progress through a progression of four basis phases of cognitive advancement. Every stage is stamped by the movements in how children comprehend the world. Following his perceptions , he reasoned that children were not less intelligent than adults, they simply think in an unexpected way. Through his perceptions of his kids, PiagetRead MoreOutlining Two Theories of Development Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of child development have been researched and published over the years. These researches have been done by popular theorists four of whom are Piaget (1896 –1980), Vygotsky (1896 –1934), Ausubel (1918 –2008) and Kohlberg (1927 –1987). First and foremost let me define the term theory. A theory is a collection of related statements; the principal function of which is to summarize and explain observations. It is in a sense an invention designed to make sense of what we know or suspect. DevelopmentalRead MoreCognitive And Moral Developmental Stages1115 Words   |  5 PagesThanks you for this opportunity to apply for Position at your school, I understand you have a student centred philosophy, so I’ve done some research on cognitive and moral development in primary age students. Awareness of the cognitive and moral developmental stages of the students is fundamental in structuring lesson plans to facilitate the ease of learning and the potential of each student. The emergence of the ability to think and understand moves from being dependent on Actions and perceptionsRead More Cognitive and Moral Development of Children Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive and moral developments are determined by a child’s experience and environment. As the child matures into adulthood they begin to view the world differently. The capacity to imagine what other people may be thinking and feeling is defined as perspective taking (Berk, 2007). This view aids in adolescents moral understanding and development. Identifying a child’s developmental stage assists in determining the proper support that is needed in order to provide a safe and nourishing environmentRead MoreEssay on Nature Versus Nurture Debate987 Words   |  4 Pagesnurture debate is one of the oldest and most controversial issues in Psychology. The nature versus nurture debate revolves around the contributions of genetic factors and environmental factors to human development. T he primary method of attempting to determine which of these effects human development the most has been cross-cultural studies. Cross-cultural studies are studies conducted across more than one culture, based on the assumption that the differences between cultures genetically are less thatRead MoreSocial and Moral Development Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesintellectual, social and moral development of infants at birth and as they grow into adults are through the developmental theories. Some of the developmental theories are sexual development, social development and moral development. Both Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg view similarities as well as differences between the theories they each believe in regards to the development of a child social and moral development. Jean Piaget put forth the theory of cognitive development wherein he establishedRead MoreMoral Development And The Social Learning Theory Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will examine moral development and the theories of cognitive development and the Social Learning theory. It will also cover key theorists and their perspectives moving on to different kinds of development followed by an evaluation of the chosen theories and the studies that surround their validity. The final segment will be of the nature nurture aspect. Moral development is essentially the ability to distinguish right from wrong actions and good from bad behaviour. Albert Bandura believedRead MoreResearch On Piaget s Stage Theory1388 Words   |  6 PagesPiaget’s Stage Theory In a study by Bruce and Muhammad (2009), the specific focus was evaluating prior research done that have aimed for a better understanding in Piaget’s sensorimotor developmental stage (birth-2 years), regarding children who suffer from autism, blindness, intellectual, and physical disabilities. As stated above, object permanence is the primary focus in this stage and it is seen as a foundational skill to master when moving towards the next stages. In each stages, object permanenceRead MoreJoan Eriksons Stages Of Psychosocial Development792 Words   |  4 PagesEriksons stages of psychosocial development, as articulated by Erik Erikson, in collaboration with Joan Erikson,[1] is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages, in which a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood. All stages are present at birth but only begin to unfold according to both a natural scheme and ones ecological and cultural upbri nging. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challengesRead MoreHow Can Modeling Be A Predisposing Risk Factor For Aggression?1703 Words   |  7 Pagesoccur). Through anxiety, defense mechanisms were developed. Through the development of the idea of defense mechanism, projection of ideas feelings or impulse onto others, came the psychosexual theory. The stages of the psychosexual theory are oral (12-18 months), anal (2nd and 3rd years), phallic stage (3 to 6 years), and the genital (puberty and throughout life). Freud believed the psychosexual theory were key to personal development. Freud found elements such as the id, ego, superego, anxiety, defense

Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 950 Words

Two United Souls Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, tells the story of a warrior, Okonkwo, who watches as European missionaries slowly tear apart the culture of his village. This story takes place in pre-colonial Nigeria, where Umuofia is divided among nine villages. Okonkwo, the main character, and Obierika are best friends, even though they are polar opposites. Although these two individuals have different personalities and attributes, their culture, beliefs, and traditions are what ultimately brought them together. Even though Okonkwo and Obierika had very different personalities, this brought them together rather than dragging them apart. The two men liked having someone to talk to about their problems, and it gave them great comfort to know that someone would always have their back. Okonkwo was not afraid to hurt people and had a very firm hand. Rather than speaking a great deal, Okonkwo expressed himself with his actions. He aided in killing his adopted son, Ikemefuna, after the Oracle had sentenced Ikemefuna to death because of an act of murder that Ikemefuna’s biological father had comitted. (Achebe 61) Okonkwo did this because he â€Å"was afraid of being thought weak.† (Achebe 61) This goes to show that Okonkwo did not want anyone to look down on him or think that he was a coward. He raised himself into that of a man and a warrior, and expected to be thought of one as well. In his article on Things Fall Apart, Nnoromele writes, â€Å"Perhaps Okonkwo was not a cruelShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic pr otagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonizationRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart883 Words   |  4 Pagesdehumanize the native population and convince themselves that they are helping. Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart attempts to correct these misguided views of African societies by portraying a more complex culture that values peace, and the art of conversation. Achebe also tries to portray the idea that not all European people they come in contact with are aggressive, and misconstrued in their view of the African societ ies. Achebe tries to show us the value of his society through repeated views into conversationsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 PagesTeddy Manfre Ms. Blass ENG 209-001 April 24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1015 Words   |  5 PagesIn his novel Things Fall Apart, author Chinua Achebe utilizes his distinctive writing style in order to accurately capture the culture and customs of the Igbo people despite writing his story in a foreign language. Five aspects of Achebe’s style that make his writing unique is the straightforward diction present in dialogue, the inclusion of native parables convey Igbo life authentically, the inclusion of native Igbo words and phrases, detailed descriptions of nature and the usage of figurative languageRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1702 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Things Fall Apart Biographical information about the author: Chinua Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. He had an early career as a radio host, and later became the Senior Research Fellow at the University of Nigeria. After moving to America, he became an English professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Achebe has won numerous awards for his poetry and fiction, including the Man Booker prize and Commonwealth Poetry Price. He currently teaches at Bard College. Author: Chinua AchebeRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is an Important Element of Society Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture isRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1248 Words   |  5 PagesChris Lowndes Ms. Cook A.P.L.C. 21 October 2015 We Are Family: Hardships in One s Family in Things Fall Apart Specific attributes correlate with each other to help create or not create the ideal strong family. However, through those attributes arise conflicts and major disputes. This issue of trying to achieve and create a strong family is of immense importance in one’s life, especially in Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, a milestone in African literature. For instance, the father leaves his legacyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagescertain degree of the priest class, libation, holidays, creation stories, divine systems of punishments and rewards. In the novel, Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a story of tragic fall of a protagonist and the Igbo culture. Achebe demonstrates different examples and situations of where an African culture, in the instances of tribal religions, did certain things because of their tradition is and the way they developed into. African cultures pondered life mysteries and articulated theirRead Mo reChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1314 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe masterpiece â€Å"Things Fall Apart† (1959) is the classic story of Okonkwo, a young man who strives to be revered by his village and family but because of his own internal character flaws meets his own demise. In the Igbo culture, family traditions are an important narrative throughout the novel. Okonkwo, the protagonist character of this story, begins with many attributes of what would be concluded as a hero with his cultural society. He is hard working, a material provider, feared and

Logistics Quality and Reliability Management

Question: Discuss about the Logistics Quality and Reliability Management. Answer: Introduction: With the changing market and the simulation of the company, Supreme MicroTech has been able to handle the different standards and the corporate responsibilities. The designing is based on scheduling with the setup of the sales office with the decision of different web centres. For a better processing, the review is based on handling the quality, time and the costs. This will improve the target performance and the business processes in effective manner. The costs per unit of the measure, productivity and the cycle time is able to measure the metrics of performance that has been compared to the management standards. (Ribeiro et al., 2016). For the benchmarking, there have been customers, employees and the suppliers to handle the focus groups with the in-depth marketing research and process mapping in an effective manner. The identification of the organisation is set with the customers, suppliers and the financial analysts to handle the trade associations with determining the worth of s tudy. Hence, as per the set standards, the measures are based on handling the detailed surveys to measure and work on the database costs. (Zhang et al., 2016). The organisation is set to create and maintain the database which has been associated to the business sectors and making the benchmarking to a cheaper level. The lean six sigma works on the improvement of the performance by the removal of the wastes. It combines with the different kinds of the strategy which includes the transportation, overproduction, processing, defects and the skills. The focus has been on reducing the defects which are critical to the quality. Hence, the standards are set to define the different problems with managing and improving the business processes. (Kalra et al., 2016). The lean approach is for the business to properly streamline the manufacturing and the production processes. The major focus has been on the different steps with the creation of product that adds the value to the same. The determination is about the proponents that works with the waste which mainly results from the variation in the process. (Chhikra et al., 2017). The optimisation of the business with the lean six sigma training has been the reality where designing is based on the teams to assign the well-defined projects that have a major impac t on the bottom line of the organisation. The training standards and the advancement in the statistics focus on project management with the different levels and the roles set to measure, define and analyse the complete business strategy. (Adebanjo et al., 2016). Applications of Business Process Change With the changing standards, the processes of business are changed with the activities and tasks that produce the specific service. For this, there have been visualisation of the flowchart where the activities are set with the interleaving decision points as the process matrix. To handle the process, the people are working on the price with the standards to hold the retail pricing. The assessment is with the political, social and the technology pattern where the manufacturing and the planting efficiency depends on the production. The technique is based on handling the processes with the drastic decrease in the cost for the company with cost sharing and the development of the efficient tools. It is for the comparison of the performance which is in between the groups or the teams in the organisation which includes the process, strategic and the performance benchmarking. (Donovan et al., 2016). The business process for the lean six sigma works on the corporate governance and the strateg ic management where the operational process is constituted of the core business patterns. The business process works on the process oriented organisations with the structural departments set to contribute to the super process. (Prashar et al., 2016). The addition of the value for the customer does not include any unnecessary activity rather focus on the structured forms with the creation of customer value. The organisational activities are set with the process based standards in the primary value flow that has been created in the customer oriented primary process. The emphasis is also on linking the activities to take the input and work on the creation of an output. (Laurani et al., 2016). The processes define the boundaries and the order which has been set for embed and cross-functionality. The workflow is important for the information with certain procedures and the people who are involved for the business process. (Sagnak et al., 2016). The covering of the identification, change and the monitoring is to handle the evaluation of the processes with the identification to work on improvement. The process chain works on the sequential forms of the sub-processes or the tasks which are set with the alternative paths. (Rathi et al., 2016). The standards are mainly to achieve the outputs with the organisational units or the internal and external stakeholders. With the changing standards, the performance of the functions can easily be accessed where there are patterns to hold the improvement of the organisation. The quality management with the advancement in the information technology has helped in improving the business operations and the other systems. The Business Process Modelling Notation works on the standards which are important for the business modelling where the work can be set to develop the standards and the specifications to promote and collaborate with the integration of people, systems and the processes. (Antony et al., 2016). The business process main ly comprises of the sequential sub-process with the alternative paths that depend on the conditions that are applicable for the given objectives. The process is set for the better inputs where the organisational units are set with the internal and the external stakeholders. (Chang, 2016). The process of the business is set with the data processing system like the ERP and the computer based patterns that is able to set the policies, processes and the detailed procedures in an effective manner. The greater standards and the control is to execute and work towards the prevention of the order quantity by the permissible tolerance which is always displayed. (Sagnak et al., 2016). Organisation Improving the Processes The organisation has been working on the different functions and the processes where the suppliers are paid and the inventories are managed in an effective manner. (Zhang et al., 2016). The quality control function is performed with the customer orders that are filled and shipped to maintain the performance. It also enables the managers to proper determine the improvement opportunities along with the enhancement of the performance which is relative to the customer standards. The companies are working for the cooperative business and the implementation of the new technology, outsourcing and the restructuring of the information technology functions. It also focusses on the best of the best where the performance is set into the opportunities for the improvement. (Mclvor, 2016). It also enables the company to properly identify the relevant standards and work on supporting the quality improvement programs to motivate the staff for improving the performance. (Kumar et al., 2016). The targe t roles, processes and the success factors are important to work on gaining the competitive advantage with the focus on potential areas for improvement. (Tsironis et al, 2016). Applying Benchmarking and/or Lean Six Sigma With the changing standards, benchmarking has been able to work on the quality programs with the cost reduction and the budget process. To handle the management, the change is mainly in the new operations and the ventures to rethink about the existing strategies with the competitive assaults and the crisis. The company needs to work on the internal benchmarking technique with the proper analysis of the organisational divisions. (Garza et al, 2017). The strengths and the weakness is for the successful strategy where the prioritization is based on identifying the customer expectation with the industry benchmarking. The trends are depending upon the performance baselines with the operations set to provide a broad scope with the best opportunities possible. The focus is on the roles, processes and the strategic issues where there is a possibility to examine the functions or the missions of the organisation. It also includes the vertical benchmarking where the standards are based on speci fic process or the activity. The different source of the information includes the trading meetings (Dale et al., 2016) with the industry experts and the consumers for handling the marketing perspectives. (Sagnak et al., 2016). The facilitation is based on the productivity to conduct the survey with the end user support. In the case of simulation of Supreme MicroTech, the process of the company has changed over the quarters to accommodate for the latest market trends. The company profile has been improved by the change in manufacturing the products by the company Supreme MicroTech. The decisions where based on market research done for the company by the analysts. The company products were analysed using benchmarking concepts against other product of different companies, of the same type. The concept has been applied to check the product if they meet the latest market trend and needs of the consumers and users of the product. As Supreme MicroTech not only provide the product, that is computers, to the users, but also support to the customers, the market analysis has been done on the same line of research. The feedback from the users has been analysed to develop new product by the company to accommodate for the growing needs of the latest and advanced computers. The benchmarking has been done on the employees and workers working for the organisation, and their benefits has been increased to improve their productivity. This has shown significant improve in the efficiency of the employees and workers. The analysis of the market has been also used to open new service points as well as manufacturing units. Some of the computers that were manufactured by Supreme MicroTech were discarded as well, considering market trend. The change in the business process has shown improvement in not only the market stand of thee company but also on the profits of the company and the cash flows. The profit has improved over the quarters and cash flow has been positive. The company has improved their ranking in the world market of computers in the fields of their production. The networks are for the application benchmarking which are for analysing the system, development and the maintenance programming and functionality. (Marzaga et al., 2016). The strategy is set to include the assessment of the skills and the information technology to align with the roles and the responsibilities. There have been management functions to process the work in an effective manner. (Siddiqui et al, 2016). The historical success, time and staff is for the complete understanding of the process to be benchmarked. Hence, the transaction cost is to handle the data which can easily be interpreted to make the organisations work on the follow-th rough process with the assistance from the consultants. Reference Ribeiro de Jesus, A., Antony, J., Lepikson, H.A. and Peixoto, A.L., 2016. Six Sigma critical success factors in Brazilian industry.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,33(6), pp.702-723. Zhang, A., Zhang, A., Luo, W., Luo, W., Shi, Y., Shi, Y., Chia, S.T., Chia, S.T., Sim, Z.H.X. and Sim, Z.H.X., 2016. Lean and Six Sigma in logistics: a pilot survey study in Singapore.International Journal of Operations Production Management,36(11), pp.1625-1643. Kalra, J. and Kopargaonkar, A., 2016. Quality improvement in clinical laboratories: a six sigma concept.Pathol Lab Med Open J,1(1), pp.11-20. Prashar, A., 2016. Six Sigma adoption in public utilities: a case study.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,27(5-6), pp.479-506. Chhikara, M.M., Narwal, M.S. and Dahiya, M.P., 2017. Implementation of Six Sigma in Indian Manufacturing Industries. Adebanjo, D., Adebanjo, D., Samaranayake, P., Samaranayake, P., Mafakheri, F., Mafakheri, F., Laosirihongthong, T. and Laosirihongthong, T., 2016. Prioritization of six-sigma project selection: A resource-based view and institutional norms perspective.Benchmarking: An International Journal,23(7), pp.1983-2003. Donovan, E.A., Manta, C.J., Goldsack, J.C. and Collins, M.L., 2016. Using a Lean Six Sigma approach to yield sustained pressure ulcer prevention for complex critical care patients.Journal of Nursing Administration,46(1), pp.43-48. Laureani, A. and Antony, J., 2016. Leadershipa critical success factor for the effective implementation of Lean Six Sigma.Total Quality Management Business Excellence, pp.1-22. Siddiqui, S.Q., Siddiqui, S.Q., Ullah, F., Ullah, F., Thaheem, M.J., Thaheem, M.J., Gabriel, H.F. and Gabriel, H.F., 2016. Six Sigma in construction: a review of critical success factors.International Journal of Lean Six Sigma,7(2), pp.171-186. Tsironis, L.K. and Psychogios, A.G., 2016. Road towards Lean Six Sigma in service industry: a multi-factor integrated framework.Business Process Management Journal,22(4), pp.812-834. Dale, B.G., Dehe, B. and Bamford, D., 2016. Quality Management Techniques.Managing Quality 6e: An Essential Guide and Resource Gateway, pp.215-267. Garza-Reyes, J.A., Kumar, V., Chen, F.F. and Wang, Y.C., 2017. Seeing green: achieving environmental sustainability through Lean and Six Sigma.International Journal of Lean Six Sigma,8(1). Rathi, R., Khanduja, D. and Sharma, S., 2016. Capacity waste management at automotive industry in India: A Six Sigma observation. Sagnak, M. and Kazancoglu, Y., 2016. Integration of green lean approach with six sigma: an application for flue gas emissions.Journal of Cleaner Production,127, pp.112-118. Kumar, S., Luthra, S., Govindan, K., Kumar, N. and Haleem, A., 2016. Barriers in green lean six sigma product development process: an ISM approach.Production Planning Control,27(7-8), pp.604-620. Marzago, D.S.L. and Carvalho, M.M., 2016. Critical success factors for Six Sigma projects.International Journal of Project Management,34(8), pp.1505-1518. Yadav, G.P. and More, A.B., 2016. Evaluation of fly ash bricks, Steel and RMC by application of TQM in Residential Building Construction. McIvor, R., 2016. An analysis of the application of process improvement techniques in business process outsourcing.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,33(3), pp.321-343. Zhang, A., Zhang, A., Luo, W., Luo, W., Shi, Y., Shi, Y., Chia, S.T., Chia, S.T., Sim, Z.H.X. and Sim, Z.H.X., 2016. Lean and Six Sigma in logistics: a pilot survey study in Singapore.International Journal of Operations Production Management,36(11), pp.1625-1643. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Antony, J., Antony, J., Gijo, E.V., Gijo, E.V., Kumar, V., Kumar, V., Ghadge, A. and Ghadge, A., 2016. A multiple case study analysis of Six Sigma practices in Indian manufacturing companies.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,33(8), pp.1138-1149.

Probation and Parole Officers Essay Example

Probation and Parole Officers Essay The definition of probation is a critical examination and evaluation or subjection to such examination and evaluation. This is what happens to people who break the law. Many get put on probation for a period of time set by the courts. At this time the probationer is under the supervision of what is called a probation/parole officer. A probation officer, according to Merriam-Webster dictionary online, is an officer appointed to investigate, report on, and supervise the conduct of convicted offenders on probation. This career is well suited for people oriented persons who has a drive to help others, a flexable schedule, be proficient in English and writing (a second language is also very helpful in some areas), and be willing to be in situations or with people that could be unsafe. (Merriam-Webster, 2002) There is a difference between a probation and parole officer. Under probation the criminal has not been in prison but simple on probation after their offense. When someone is under parole they have been released from prison. This means that the two officers work with different types of criminals. Probation officers will deal with criminals who have mostly done a minor infraction or people awaiting trial, where as parole officers tend to deal with more severe offenses which required incarceration. In many states these two position are combined into one. An officer will work with either adults or juveniles. Probation officers work with the courts doing background investigations, presentence reports, rehabilitation recommendations and sentencing recommendations. We will write a custom essay sample on Probation and Parole Officers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Probation and Parole Officers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Probation and Parole Officers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sentencing recommendations are reviewed with the offender before being submitted to the court. In some situations the officer may need to testify. In Federal court probation officers also become pretrial services officers which makes them responsible for pretrial investigations and bond recommendations. Each officer will work on between 20 to over 300 active cases. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003) Recent changes to the system have made for a change in the nature of the work. Probation and parole officers are now going to the offenders homes, places of employment, and therapy. Also, different institutions are helping officers to monitor the offenders. More and more officers are using visits, email, teleconferencing, etc to stay informed about offenders and their progress. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003) Being closer to the offenders like this helps probation/parole officers to help them better enter into society as a law abiding citizen. The parole office acts as a counselor and lawperson. Officers will also involve offenders families and in turn help the rehabilitation process. Offenders progress will be monitored by officers by keeping up with their home life, educational progress, and the fulfillment of recommendation from the courts ( these fulfillments may include anything from classes to random drug test). The downside of this type of system change is the increased risk of victimization. In an article called Worker Safety In Probation Parole by William H. Parsonage and Joe A. Miller, some interesting facts about the safety of probation and parole officers are uncovered. They first define victimization as: Hazardous incidents in which people working in probation and parole agencies have been assaulted or threatened in connection with their work. Examples of hazardous incidents affecting staff safety would include: physical assault or harm; threat of physical assault or har; assault or threat of harm to a workers family members; harm of threat of harm to ones property; extortion; harm or threat of harm to a workers reputation; or psychological intimidation. Their studies showed that 62% of officers/agents have been victimized once or more during their career. One in six of those officers/agents were physically assaulted, with 61% of them experiencing more one or more intimidations during their career. Thirty-five percent of the people surveyed reported that they were victimized within the last 12 months proceeding this study ( 6% physical assault and 34% intimidation). They study also showed that officers who dealt with parolees rather than just probationers were more likely to be victimized. It was also found that probation and parole officers who carry guns or who have self-defense training were more likely to be victimized. When finding who was carrying out the assaults or threats it was shown that 89% of serious incidents were done by the offender and 11% by the offenders family member. Although there are many risk, the satisfaction of helping people in their community is usually what keeps probation/parole officers in this career. In 2000, 84,000 people were employed as probation officers (most coming from State or local government). California and Texas have the highest number of officers, which amounts to about one-fourth of the countrys officers. Prospective officers will have more luck in urban areas than any where else. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003) There are some qualifications that must be met in order to obtain a position as a probation/parole officer. Each applicant will have to go through a background check. Any applicant convicted of a felony is not eligible. All persons must be in good physical and emotional condition, and no younger than 21 years of age ( for Federal employment no older than 37 years of age). A bachelors degree in a related field is required, and a masters is helpful and sometimes required for advancement. In most cases prospective officers will be given a written, oral, physical, and psychological examination. Some states will require additional training or certification which will be given by that state. After an applicant is successfully accepted he or she will then become a trainee for six months before moving to a permanent position. After obtaining a permanent position an officer can expect to make between $36,980 to $40,820. (Bureau of Labor Statistics) This job is perfect for anyone who wants to make a difference in peoples lives. You will be responsible for helping people who have committed crimes go back into society and better themselves. Just as cops and fireman have to be careful each day so much probation officers. It is getting riskier to become an officer due to added outings in the community. This job holds a heavy workload but if the heart is in it the whole thing will be worth it. You will be changing peoples lives, along with their families who need them to be productive in society. For many parolees the officer will be their only outlet because they have been jailed for a long period of time or did not have family in the beginning. Probation officers have an important job that is growing faster than average in our country. This is a respectable job with many benefits and pains.

Righttop00 Colegio Mayor Nuestra Senora del Rosari Essays

righttop00 Colegio Mayor Nuestra Senora del Rosario Facultad de Jurisprudencia Criminologia Samuel Escobar Beltran Maria Daniella Ordonez Zambrano Mayo 17, 2017. La teoria del aprendizaje social propuesta por Albert Bandura se ha convertido en, quiza, la teoria mas influyente del aprendizaje y el desarrollo. A pesar de estar arraigada en varios de los conceptos basicos de la teoria del aprendizaje tradicional, Bandura creia que el refuerzo directo no podia explicar todos los tipos de aprendizaje, agregando asi un elemento social a su teoria, argumentando que las personas pueden aprender nuevos comportamientos observando a otras personas. Conocido como aprendizaje observacional (o modelado), esta teoria puede ser utilizada para explicar una amplia variedad de comportamientos. Como aprendemos los seres humanos? Los estimulos de refuerzo/castigo claramente condicionan nuestro comportamiento pero no solo respondemos a tales estimulos, tambien los interpretamos. Para ilustrar este principio, consideremos el ejemplo de un nino que recibe un beso cuando guarda sus juguetes; es probable que repita esta accion debido a la recompensa. Sin embargo, si el nino arroja su comida y posteriormente recibe un regano, el nino aprende que tal accion solo genera desaprobacion y modifica su comportamiento como consecuencia porque desea la aprobacion de su madre. Pero esto es solo una faceta del complejo proceso de aprendizaje. No existe una sola definicion de "aprendizaje social" pero las diversas descripciones que hay enfatizan la importancia del dialogo entre grupos para entender mejor los diferentes puntos de vista y desarrollar procesos de accion colectiva y reflexion a lo largo del tiempo. El aprendizaje social y el empoderamiento se basan entre si. El empoderamiento es el proceso de mejorar la capacidad de individuos o grupos para tomar decisiones y transformar esas elecciones en acciones y resultados deseados. El logro de tales resultados no es un proceso unico que se puede planificar y ejecutar externamente, como un campo o un taller, pero es un proceso social que se estructura desde las lineas de actividad, incluyendo la construccion de redes, el dialogo, la gestion del conocimiento y la evaluacion. Se puede acceder a la informacion sobre los diferentes ejes que apoyan el aprendizaje social a traves del indice de "aprendizaje social" de la izquierda. La evaluacion, debido al papel que juega en el fortalecimiento de todas las otras actividades y actividades, se amplia a su propio area tematica en el indice de navegacion. La capacidad social, las redes y la confianza que facilitan esta cooperacion para beneficio mutuo se denominan "capital social". Entre las teorias de aprendizaje actuales han surgido cuatro categorias principales: la conductista, la cognitivista, la humanista y la social. En particular, esta ultima incorpora muchos de los elementos necesarios para producir un sistema practico de cambio pero como toda teoria, esta compuesta de porciones de estudio previo y esta en constante evolucion, la teoria del aprendizaje social fue inicialmente influenciada por las otras tres categorias. Especialmente por las teorias conductistas, haciendo hincapie en lo que se aprende de los comportamientos observables, parecen crear una base para las teorias mas complejas encontradas en la teoria cognitiva social de Bandura, que incorpora las mejores partes de estas teorias en un plan superior para el ajuste conductual. Un debate que sigue generando controversia en muchas disciplinas cientificas es el tema de la herencia y la influencia que la genetica tiene sobre el caracter general de un ser humano. Tanto la comunidad cientifica como el ciudadano medio estan intrigados en cuanto a que determinantes determinan el caracter personal asi como el comportamiento individual. Hay varios factores que afectan el destino de un individuo ya traves de diversos estudios, explicaciones y modelos teoricos se hace muy evidente que un factor aislable es casi imposible de distinguir. Algunos teoricos argumentan que los fundamentos de la agresion son biologicos. Los factores biologicos que influyen en el comportamiento agresivo son las hormonas, las enfermedades fisiologicas y el temperamento. Las hormonas juegan un papel indirecto en la agresion humana. La interaccion con estimulos externos puede afectar el umbral del comportamiento agresivo. Algunos investigadores han concluido que los altos niveles de testosterona podrian ser el resultado de un comportamiento agresivo. En las mujeres, el sindrome de tension premenstrual se asocia con una serie de comportamientos agresivos, como el delito violento. Las personas con una enfermedad fisiologica

Complete List Colleges That Require SAT Subject Tests

Complete List Colleges That Require SAT Subject Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Does applying to college make you feel like you're trying to walk through a door but don't yet have the keys? To gain access, first you need to understand exactly what the colleges you're interested in require. This can betricky with the SAT Subject Tests, as different colleges have different policies. We've compiled a comprehensive list of all the colleges that require SAT Subject Tests, along with others that recommend or consider them as part of your application. As policies are continually changing, always double-check with the school about their standardized testing requirements. Let us know in the comments if we need to make any updates! Because our list is comprehensive and definitive, this page is pretty long. Make sure you scroll all the way to the bottom to read our tips on which SAT Subject Tests you should take and otherstrategies. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Raise Your SATScore by 160 Points(Free Download) Colleges That Require SAT Subject Tests This chart shows the standardized testing policies for 2017/2018. We've marked four policies towards the Subject Tests: required, recommended, considered, and alternative. Required means you have to take the SAT Subject Tests. In a few cases, as you'll see, colleges will accept the ACT in lieu of the Subject Tests. Some colleges require one subject test, while other colleges (typically those that are more selective) require two. Recommended is a little vague, as it leaves the decision up to you whether or not to send SAT Subject Test scores. If you can achieve high scores or want to make up for a low SAT score, then it's a good idea to send Subject Test scores to these schools. If your scores are low and will look like an outlier on your application, you might be better served not sending them. In most of these cases, though, colleges will likely appreciate that you took on the extra challenge and can demonstrate subject mastery. Considered means that the colleges do not necessarily expect your SAT Subject Test scores, but they will factor them in if you decide to send them. If you have a real interest in a particular subject or it's connected to your future academic and/or professional goals, then it may enhance your application to send a (strong) Subject Test score. Alternative means that colleges have unique policies that may be test flexible. For more on this, check out the full list of test optional and test flexible schools here. Furthermore, some schools accept the ACT + Writing in lieu of the SAT and Subject Tests. In other words, you can submit the SAT + two Subject Tests or the ACT + Writing. We've indicated that in the 3rd column below. We've sorted the list alphabetically for your convenience. Find all yourschools of interest, and scroll down to the end to read our tips on SAT Subject Tests. College Category ACT in Lieu of SAT and Subject Tests? Policy Amherst College Considered Applicants who wish to submit Subject Test results may do so for consideration as part of the application evaluation process. Barnard College Considered Subject tests are not required, but will be considered if submitted. Boston College Considered SAT II Subject Tests are optional. If you would like to highlight a talent in a specific area, you are welcome to submit SAT Subject Tests for consideration with your application. Subject Tests, particularly in foreign languages and the sciences, may be used for placement during the first year. Boston University Considered [Req for Special Programs] Accelerated medical and dental programs require Subject Tests in Chemistry and Math 2. A Subject Test in a foreign language is also recommended for these programs. Bowdoin College Considered [Req forstudents who were homeschooled or attended high schools with no grades] Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Applicants for whom subject tests are required should take Math Level 1 or 2 and a science. Brown University Recommended (2) Liberal Medical Education Applicants should submit at least one Subject Test in either Biology, Chemistry, or Physics Bucknell University Considered Students may submit their SAT Subject Test scores as supplemental information to their application. Bucknell does recommend the test in foreign language for any student planning to enroll in foreign language coursework. California Institute of Technology Required (2) Requires Specific Tests: SAT Subject Test Math Level 2, and one SAT Subject Test in science. Carleton College Considered Applicants may submit the results of their SAT subject tests."We have found these tests valuable aids in the assessment of the quality of student achievement in a wide variety of secondary school programs. It has been our experience that SATsubject test results usually enhance a candidate's credentials and only rarely constitute a negative factor." Carnegie Mellon University Recommended for most programs Two SAT Subject Tests are recommended, in addition to the SAT/ACT, except for the College of Fine Arts. Claremont McKenna Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Homeschooled students are required to submit two SAT Subject Tests, one of which must be math. Colby College Alternative Two SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. College of the Holy Cross Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Colorado College Alternative Three SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. The tests must include one quantitative, one writing/verbal, and a third of your choice. Columbia University Considered The SAT Subject Test scores are not required, but Columbia will accept scores from theexams if you choose to submit them. You will not be at a disadvantage should you choose not to take the tests or submit the scores to Columbia. Connecticut College Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Cooper Union Required [Engineering Only] (2) All Engineering applicants must submit two SAT II subject test scores. One must be in Math (Level 1 or 2) and the other must be in either Physics or Chemistry. Architecture and Art applicants are not required to submit SAT II scores. Cornell University Required [Arts and Sciences and Engineering only] Subjects of your choice for Arts and Sciences; math and a science of your choice for Engineering. Dartmouth College Recommended "We recommend that you submit two SAT Subject Test scores to help us better understand your academic strengths. We encourage you to take tests in the two subjects you like the most. If you submit more than two subject test scores, we will look at your two best scores. Alternately, if you do not submit subject test scores, it will not prevent your candidacy from receiving a full review by the Admissions Committee." Davidson College Considered If applicants have taken SAT Subject Tests, Davidson welcomes but does not require those scores. Duke University Recommended Yes For those students who submit the SAT, two subject tests strongly recommended. Emory University Recommended [Req for homeschooled applicants] "SAT II subject exams are encouraged, but not required. Students are encouraged to submit SAT subject exam scores for academics areas of strength and/or interest. Since these exams are not required, students have the choice of which subject exams they want to report. Do note that we request home-schooled applicants submit scores from three SAT II subject exams." Franklin Olin College of Engineering Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. George Washington University Considered[Req Special Programs] (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are required in science and mathematics for the Seven Year BA/MD program. Georgetown University Recommended [Strongly] (3) Strongly Recommended: Three SAT Subject Tests. Hamilton College Alternative Three SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT.One must be a verbal or writing/essay test, one must be a quantitative test, and the third is your choice. Harvard College Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are Required, in addition to the SAT/ACT, except in special circumstances: "While we normally require two SAT Subject Tests, you may apply without them if the cost of taking the tests represents a financial hardship or if you prefer to have your application considered without them...If your first language is not English, a Subject Test in your first language may be less helpful." Harvey Mudd College Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are required. One must be in Math Level 2; the other can be in any subject the student chooses. Ithaca College Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. SAT Subject Tests are still considered optional supplements for homeschooled applicants. Johns Hopkins University Considered "Applicants may also choose to submit SAT Subject Tests in one or more areas of interest as a way to demonstrate an academic strength. We will consider the two highest Subject Test scores when reviewing applications, but your application will not be negatively affected if you choose not to submit Subject Test scores." Lafayette College Recommended Subject Tests are recommended to strengthen your application. Lehigh University Recommended SAT Subject Tests are not required for admissions but are recommended as college credit may be awarded for scores of 700 or higher. Macalester College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are Required, in addition to the SAT/ACT. Specific tests required: Math (Level 1 or Level 2) and either Biology, Chemistry, or Physics McGill University Required (2) Yes SAT + two SAT Subject Tests Required , OR ACT with Writing Middlebury College Alternative Three SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. Mills College Considered [Required for homeschooled applicants] In addition to first-year student requirements, homeschool students will need to submit official results of the GED or the California High School Proficiency Examination and two SAT subject tests New York University Alternative Test requirements satisfied by fulfilling one of the following: SAT (essay not required) ACT (writing not required) Three Subject Tests Three AP exams The International Baccalaureate Diploma Three IB higher-level exams (if a student is not an IB Diploma candidate) Students who choose to submit three SAT Subject Tests, AP or IB scores must submit one in literature or the humanities, one in math or science, and one of the student's choice. Northwestern University Considered "SAT subject tests are optional. Subject exams...allow students to demonstrate their skill level(s) in a particular area. However, subject tests may be from topics outside of your potential major. Prospective students who do not submit SAT subject test results will not be penalized; we recognize that many applicants may not have the opportunity to sign up for the exams." Oberlin College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Occidental College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Pomona College Considered [Recommended for homeschooled applicants] SAT Subject Test scores are optional. In addition to the SAT or ACT test results, home-schooled students are encouraged, although not required, to submit results of at least two SAT Subject or Advanced Placement exams Pratt Institute Considered[Req Architecture] Bachelor of Architecture applicants are recommended to take the Math Level 1 or Level 2 Subject Test. Princeton University Recommended(2) "We recommend, but do not require, the submission of two SAT Subject tests. If you intend to pursue a B.S.E. degree, we recommend you take one SAT Subject Test in either physics or chemistry and one SAT Subject Test in mathematics (Level I or II)." Reed College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Considered [Req for Special Programs] Yes Applicants to the accelerated programs in law or medicine must submit two SAT Subject Tests (one math and one science). Rice University Required (2) Yes Two SAT Subject Tests in fields related to proposed area of study are required. Smith College Considered SAT II subject tests are optional for all applicants. Stanford University Considered "Stanford requires just one exam- either the SAT with Essay or the ACT with Writing. All other exams are optional. Because additional scores can assist us in our evaluation process, we welcome the self-reporting of these results in your application." Stevens Institute of Technology Considered [Req for Special Programs] Subject Tests in Math (Level 1 or 2) and either Chemistry or Biology are required for the Accelerated Medical Program. Swarthmore College Considered Subject Tests are not required for admission, but will be considered if submitted. Prospective engineers are encouraged to submit the Math 2 Subject Test. Tufts University Required (2) Yes Tufts requires either the SAT (without the optional essay) plus two SAT Subject Tests, or the ACT (the writing section will no longer be required.) Engineering applicants submitting Subject Tests are advised to take math and either physics or chemistry. Students considering a major in mathematics or the sciences are advised to take math and a science test. Union College Considered [Req for Special Programs] Yes Test Optional. Students applying to the Leadership in Medicine programare required to submit one math and one science Subject Test along with the SAT. Alternatively, applicants can submit the ACT in lieu of both SAT and Subject Tests. University of California, Berkeley Recommended Scores from SAT Subject Tests can be used to showcase academic mastery. University of California, Davis Considered SAT Subject Tests are not required and UC Davis will consider submitted SAT Subject Test scores only if they benefit the applicant. University of California, Irvine Recommended Submission of SAT Subject Test scores is not required but may add positively to the review of your application. University of California, Los Angeles Recommended for Some Programs School of Engineering and Applied Sciences recommends Math Level 2 and a science test related to the applicant's intended major. University of California, Merced Considered The SAT Subject Tests are not required. However, you are welcome to submit scores if you would like to: Use Subject Tests to satisfy â€Å"a-g† subject requirements. Show your mastery of a particular subject or set of subjects. University of California, Riverside Recommended for Some Programs UC Riverside does not require SAT Subject Tests, but some academic departments and highly competitive majors recommend them. Applicants should take the Math 2 Subject Test and either Chemistry or Physics if they are interested in Bourns College of Engineering (BCOE) or the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences (CNAS). University of California, San Diego Recommended for Some Programs Biological or physical science applicants and applicants to the School of Engineering should take Math Level 2 and a science Subject Test related to the applicant's intended major. University of California, Santa Barbara Recommended for Some Programs Two SAT Subject Tests closely related to your major are recommended for engineering, biological or physical sciences majors. If taking a math subject test, Math Level 2 is required. University of California, Santa Cruz Considered UCSC does not use the SAT Subject Tests for selection purposes, but you can use SAT Subject Tests to satisfy the "a-g" UC requirements. University of Chicago Considered If you have done exceptionally well on a particular subject test and would like to show us, feel free to send us that score. University of Georgia Recommended Subject Tests are recommended to strengthen your application. University of Miami Considered [Req for Special Programs] Honors Program in Medicine and Honors Program in Biochemistry Molecular Biology require minimum scores of 600 on a math Subject Test and on a science Subject Test. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Considered You may submit supplemental scores from AP, IB or SAT Subject tests if you think they are a good reflection of your mastery of the material. University of Notre Dame Considered SAT Subject Tests, AP, and IB tests are only used in the application process if scores enhance an application. University of Pennsylvania Considered SAT Subject Tests are recommended but not required. Applicants who do not take SAT Subject Tests will not be at a disadvantage in the admissions process. Penn recommends any two subject tests to Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciencesapplicants; Science (preferably Chemistry) for Nursing applicants; Math Level 2 and a science test (preferably physics for Engineering students) to STEM applicants; and Math Level 2 to Business applicants. University of Rochester Alternative Two SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. University of Southern California Optional [Req for homeschooled students] "We require SAT Subject tests only from first-year applicants who do not attend a regionally accredited high school (such as home school, some non-accredited parochial or community based programs, even some newer schools). These students must submit three SAT Subject exams, including one in mathematics, in addition to the SAT or ACT. For all other applicants, these exams are optional." University of Virginia Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Vanderbilt University Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Vassar College Considered SAT Subject Tests are not required, and students opting not to send Subject Tests will not be penalized. However, SAT Subject Tests will be considered if submitted as part of a testing profile. Subject Tests may enhance an applicant’s credentials, particularly for applicants from non-traditional school backgrounds (homeschooled, non-graded schools, etc.). Note that a strong score on an SAT Subject Test is also one way to fulfill Vassar’s Foreign Language Proficiency requirement. Wake Forest University Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Subject Test Scores may be self-reported. Washington and Lee University Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Washington University in St. Louis Considered "We will only consider them if they strengthen your application." Webb Institute Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are Required, in addition to the SAT/ACT. Specific tests required: Math Level 1 or 2 and Chemistry or Physics. Wellesley College Considered Some candidates may wish to provide additional testing to demonstrate particular academic strengths. Wesleyan University Considered [Req for some students] Test Optional for US and Canadian students. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Candidates applying from secondary schools that provide written evaluations in place of traditional grades or students who have been homeschooled, attend online high schools, or who are enrolled in other non-traditional secondary school programs are required to submit ACT results or the SAT and two or more SAT Subject Tests. Worcester Polytechnic Institute Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Yale University Recommended "SAT Subject Tests are recommended but not required. Applicants who do not take SAT Subject Tests will not be disadvantaged in the application process. We will consider your application on the basis of the other testing, and all the other information, that we receive with your application. You may wish to consider whether there are particular areas of academic strength you would like to demonstrate to the Admissions Committee. Subject Tests can be one way to convey that strength. " Other Schools that Require or Recommend SAT Subject Tests College Board also suggests that the following additional schools use SAT Subject Tests when they determine admission. If you're interested in any of these schools, look up their website or give them a call to find out if they're schools that require SAT Subject Tests or simply consider them for admission. Agnes Scott College Cleary University Kennesaw State University Queens College (City University of New York) Thomas University University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez Albertus Magnus College Drew University Kutztown University of Pennsylvania Randolph-Macon College Trinity Christian College University of Puerto Rico at Ponce Alderson-Broaddus College Eastern Nazarene College Lamar University Savannah State University Trinity College University of Puerto Rico at Utuado American Baptist College Eckerd College Marietta College Seattle Pacific University Union University University of the Pacific American University of Puerto Rico Eugene Lang College The New School for Liberal Arts Massachusetts Maritime Academy Shimer College University of Central Oklahoma University of Waterloo Arizona State University Felician College Medgar Evers College (City University of New York) Simpson University University of Delaware University of West Florida Armstrong Atlantic State University Fordham University Mercyhurst University Skidmore College University of Great Falls Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology Baptist University of the Americas Friends University Meredith College Soka University of America University of Maine at Fort Kent Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Bryn Mawr College George Mason University Missouri Southern State University South Carolina State University University of Mary Washington Wagner College Buffalo State College Georgia College and State University Moody Bible Institute Southern Methodist University University of Massachusetts Boston Warner Pacific College California Baptist University Gettysburg College Morgan State University Southern Oregon University University of Michigan Washington Jefferson College Carroll College Grace Bible College Mount Holyoke College St. Bonaventure University University of Nebraska - Kearney Webb Institute Catholic University of America Haverford College North Carolina State University St. Joseph's College - Long Island Campus University of North Dakota West Virginia Wesleyan College Champlain College Hellenic College Northern Arizona University St. Lawrence University University of North Georgia Whittier College Chapman University Hillsdale College Northwood University State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry University of Oregon Whitworth University Cheyney University of Pennsylvania Hofstra University Ohio Valley University State University of New York Institute of Technology University of Puerto Rico at Aguadilla Williams College Clarkson University Huston-Tillotson University Oregon State University Stillman College University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo Clayton State University Indiana University Bloomington Principia College Texas AM University - Galveston University of Puerto Rico at Humacao You'll have to check with the individual schools to see if they have a preference for exactly which subject tests you take. Some engineering and technical schools, for example, prefer that you take math and science Subject Tests. MIT and Caltech both require one math and one science, with CalTech only accepting the Math Level 2 Subject Test. Selective liberals arts schools tend to prefer a wide range of academic strengths and interests, so your best bet might be pairing a Subject Test in the humanities, like Literature or History, with one in math or science. Scoring high on a language test is also a valuable asset to add to your application, as colleges appreciate students with language skills and global competencies as they build their multicultural student body. Now that you have a sense of the SAT Subject Test requirements, what are your next steps? SAT Subject Tests: Final Thoughts As with all parts of your application, make sure you're aware of all the requirements, recommendations, and best approaches. Especially since policies are becoming more and more flexible, always double check with your school of interest to make sure you understand what they want. If you are applying to a test flexible school, you may be able to present your highest score through AP tests or the SAT Subject Tests. Reflect on your strengths and weaknesses, take some practice tests, and get a sense of where you will perform best. SAT Subject Tests may seem daunting, but they're actually closely aligned with the exams you take in class. If you're particularly interested in studying the natural world, reading and analyzing literature, solving geometry, or communicating in another language, then they might present a great opportunity for you to highlight your strengths and your own unique passions and interests. What's Next? Click here to see the full list of SAT Subject Tests and learn how to choose which tests are best for you. Another important consideration is when to take the Subject Tests, especially since you might also be taking the SAT, ACT, AP exams, and finals. This article tells you all the dates on which the various Subject Tests are offered and offers some advice on your most effective schedule. Are you also taking the SAT? The SAT requires a lot of prep to score well, and first you have to figure out when to make time to prep in your busy schedule. Read all about when you should begin to study so you can maximize your scores. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Consumer Behaviour - Report (3000 words) Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer Behaviour - (3000 words) - Lab Report Example will be followed by the meaning of brands and a few essential concepts relating to brands like brand awareness, perceived brand quality, brand association and brand loyalty. This will be followed with a discussion of the concept of brand personalities. These will form a basis for the second half of the paper. The second half of the paper has been based on three advertisements that have been chosen. The three charities that have been selected for discussion are a) Fred Hollows Organisation, b) Boys to men organisation and c) Melbourne Community foundation. The main reason for choice is due to the varying personality and the varying range of marketing efforts by each of these organisations. The not – for - profit – sector or the community sector, or charity sector is also referred to as the Philanthropic practice. This sector generally contains organizations which work with a purpose to help the society without the generation of profits or gain for any individual members or directors. The government is generally never referred to as a part of this sector, however, the government hospitals, universities and museums do fall into this category as well. The Australian markets have recorded over 70,000 such not – for – profit organizations and the organizations deal with a range of activities like environment conservation, charities to provide assistance to needy and disadvantaged, special schools, public hospitals, and many more. It is essential to note that organization that are altruistic entities and have been recognized and endorsed by the Australian Taxation Office alone are legal charities. These mainly deal with the care for people who are sick; disabled promote religion, provide educational scholarships, or even help after any disaster has struck. In simple terms they are the ones which work for the benefit of the community as a whole. â€Å"Philanthropy is a desire to improve the welfare of humanity through the giving of money, time, information, goods

Strategic management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Strategic management - Case Study Example Joe’s has been the best option for many people because recent trends indicate people opting to purchase groceries from grocery stores rather than supermarkets. Over the years, Joe’s traders have managed to create a great customer relations who have come to trust the chain store with all their consumer needs. Also, the chain store has specialized in the area that was vacant, and it is feeling the gap. Joe’s store should, therefore, be slow and steady in its growth so as maintain quality at the same time. The company has followed the strategy clock by first offering goods at low prices, being a store selling both drugs and groceries at the same time then introducing new items such Hawaiian shirts. The next step is focused differentiation. The company is highly sustainable since it addresses issues at the market at the same time evading threats. Since the enterprise is the best ranked, it certainly meets the demands of its consumers. The management tactic is certainly feasible since it has only a few adjustments need to be

Majority Opinion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Majority Opinion - Case Study Example Since there was no evidence to the effect that students were required to profess the religious views presented in the books, then the plaintiffs, in this case, had no good basis of claiming that the requirement to read from the books amounted to the violation of the constitutional rights of the students and their parents. The basis that would well serve to make the requirement unconstitutional is if the students were compelled to do something that is against their religious belief, such as profess the religious views presented by the books (Shelly, 1994). The students were not required by any means to affirm the religious views presented or even practice such views. There was an assumption on the sides of the plaintiff that having the religious vies which was in contrast to their own belief presented in the form of poetry or fiction, entitled the children to believe in them. To indicate lack of consistency in the arguments presented by the plaintiff, one of them, Mrs. Frost held that it was all right to have their children taught other religions and philosophies, as long as such teachings did not undermine her religious beliefs, or the children had to be instructed on the error of the other religion (Fish, 1999). This serves to show that the plaintiffs believed their religion was the only one acceptable and thus, could be taught without the indication of its errors, while the other religions and philosophies had to underline this fact. This is an erroneous view of the intentions of the education system, in that it seeks to create wider knowledge, and thus cannot be limited to one religion. Another major aspect that offers support for the majority opinion by chief judge Lively is the fact that there appears an observed tendency of the plaintiff to interpret virtually everything theologically (Suber, 1987). Mrs. Frost holds that everything has to be interpreted in the Biblical perspective, arguing that there is no possible way, in which issues such as evolution a nd telepathy could be taught, without violating her religious beliefs.  

Relationship between organisations structure and culture

Relationship between organisations structure and culture Organizations rely on nonfigurative conceptions, to make significance systematically of our experience and observations of people doing things together. Organizational life can be explained, understood, predicted, and influenced, with non-figurative ideas about structure and culture. 3.1.1 Contrast different organisational structures and culture While there is no general agreement or uniformity of structural and cultural aspects of community organizations, grassroots organizers have some common tradition and perceptive. Organizations structural characters are strict, nonflexible, created and preserved by documentation, and contingency centred. The structure is taken on officially, on the basis of known rules and events. It decide how the organization is made-up to operate and for what reasons. The cultural definitions of people, situation, events, information, objects, facts, procedure are essential for organizational choices and movement. The common properties of structure and culture are: Contingency-cantered Ideology-cantered Cultural Features Structural Features Documented Word-of-mouth Formal Informal Fixed Flexible It is impossible to do split structure and culture, in practice. So organizational structure spells out the place to be occupied by members of an organization and culture defines the task to go with those place and the kinds of people. 3.1.2 Relationship between an organisations structure and culture and the effects on business performance Structure The basic objects of organizational structure are the books constitutions and bylaws. These books begin with the broad aims and principles of the organization and they reflect the central values and interests of the membership, constituency, or clientele. Structural definition also describes the organizations resource base. A lot of organizations normally define their curriculum of membership in bylaws. Some of them even state the amount of annual dues for each. The books describe formal offices or positions in the organization. Not always same as labour branches, as stating who does what. Tax-exemption options may also be written. Decision-making activities are planned in structural documentation. The common types of organizational choices are: structural, management, policy, adjudication, and supervision. Constitutions and Bylaws state the actors and way to alter in the structure itself. The total membership, annual assembly or congress, is exclusively authorized to change the basic structure. Policy matters are typically left to leadership bodies meeting more frequently. And management is often delegated to staff. Culture Cultural aspects are those that evolve in discussion and are in fluctuation, constantly modifying. Many cases organizational culture describes what things signify, whether good or bad, right or wrong, and how to accomplish them when cant be set-up by formal process. The culture encourages effective philosophy for possibility in the organizations daily work done. Comparing with basic principles, its the fleeting operational philosophy fashioned, shaped, and broadcasted in common knowledge and conversation about that understanding that tells a corporate flack catcher. The culture progresses the organization forward when it fixes the jobs and the category of labour. Culture shows some other crucial and equivalent role by reflecting experiences in the past and keeping away from occurring again of emergency. For example, when an organization learnt about relying on a sole leader to broker of its inner interest. Likewise, relying totally on one source of money doesnt continue long life. Culture can be felt more in its definition of roles than other way. Culture defines how people visualize of the causes and ways for actions. Leaders under the grasp of organizational culture are informed that, they may take decision, appropriating the managerial authority of the membership wrong. Also, staff appreciation to act follows from a thoughtful of a spoken organizing model, another surface of the organizations culture. 3.1.3 Influence of individual behaviour at work Issues that influence individual behaviour at work are: 1) The approaches potentials of management and positive or negative foundation in a work place salary, inducement, raises, appreciation, gratitude of staff and so forth 2) The Spirits of the setting comprises the approaches of lower management and employees altogether. 3) The setting of the work place outlooks, niceness, cleanness, pleasantness etc. 4) The complete achievement of the business a winning business tends to be more positive, fruitful and vice versa 5) The moral and business exercise principles of the governing partners, managers or owners are introductory of the behaviour in a work place. 3.2 Different approaches to management and leadership Earlier, leadership was meant the work done by people at the top of the organization and that management was meant the work done by all in the middle of the organization. Yet, this positional view does not need to be that way. Management and leadership are both essential components of a winning organization. The differences between leadership and management A baton sets the administration in any organization. He consistently imagines the approaching of the alignment and evangelise that position. Administration is advertent the anticipation and arch area to go. Management concentrates on befitting the aggregation beeline and affective in its announcement direction. Its not about acrimonious a point on the border and activity there. Administration is about acute advance appear the atom on the horizon. Great organizations apprehend that actuality acceptable at alone one of these two roles is a abundant accomplishment in itself, but a being who excels at both administration and administration is actual difficult, if not impossible, to find. Thats why best organizations accept an abstracted arch controlling administrator and an arch operations officer. The arch-controlling administrator is the baton of the organization, amenable for charting a course. The arch operations administrator is the administrator amenable for authoritative abiding that the address follows the charted course. They assignment calm to accomplish the alignment as able as possible. The formula for success Leaders are generally the agog individuals who will bawl bang scream article that managers acquisition detestable. When gluttonous out the baton that you crave to abutment your adeptness to manage, attending for the actuality best arduous to control. That actuality has abeyant as a leader. An alignment needs to amalgamate an archetypal of the leadership/management aggregate if it wishes to be absolutely acceptable. If youre in the position to appoint somebody, youll crave to attending for commutual skills. If youre an accustomed baton youll crave to appoint somebody with able administration skills. Similarly, if youre abundant at managing things youll crave to accomplish abiding that you accommodate leaders in the alignment so that youve an antecedent for the administration youll require. Yet, hiring these abilities is an affluence that few managers can afford. Instead, accede how to analyse animate these abilities in the bodies you already accept alive with you. In best cases, youll charge to try on your analogue for admeasurements afore announcement to them what youre doing. Youll charge to alpha by allurement your analogue applicant questions authoritative requests, which advance them in to bushing the role afterwards advertisement the admirable vision. If youre attractive for a manager, the ideal applicant to tap is one who brand method; this actuality arrives accompanying anniversary day leaves simultaneously. Individuals who are regimented in what they do are usually abundant at administration because theyre admirable at active the aforementioned ascendancy processes day in day out. You may additionally ascertain an administrator applicant in the one that is the best organized. The actuality doesnt charge be bedevilled with actuality neat; yet, there consistently appears to be alignment to what theyre doing. They seek to organize, classify, accomplish anatomy for aggregate they do. Once youre adequate with your accommodation and the analogue that youve selected, its time to let them in on the admirable planafter all you dont charge her to leave afterwards youve gotten to depend on her for article important. Youll charge to characterize that shes an important allotment of arch and managing your department. This may beggarly advertisement to her your limitations but its acceptable capital to let her accept what youre saying. Chances are that if youve followed the aloft address youve begin addition aural your alignment to be your counterpart. That has in it an inherent challenge. As bodies they tend to value, respect, and accept the account of the things were nice at. A baton will admit nice administration and an administrator will admit nice management. Yet, in adjustment to accumulate the antithesis it will be important to apprentice to account the attributes that your analogue brings. On the surface, this seems simple but it may be the best difficult allotment of accumulation both administration and administration in your organization. If youre a leader, youll be tempted to plough advanced afterwards activity analysis meetings, milestones, and activity account reviews. But these are the things that an administrator needs to manage. Similarly, as an administrator you may not accept half-day affairs to altercate strategy. 3.2.1 Principles and practices of organising and of management Whenever bodies collaborate in organizations, lots of factors appear into play. Avant-garde authoritative studies try to accept archetypal these factors. Like all modernist amusing sciences, authoritative studies seek to control, predict, report. There is some altercation over the belief of authoritative workers behaviour, as able-bodied as the address in which workers are treated. As such, authoritative behaviour or OB (and its cousin, Industrial psychology) has sometimes been accused of actuality the accurate apparatus of the powerful. Those accusations notwithstanding, OB can comedy an above role in authoritative development, acceptable authoritative performance, as able-bodied as alone accumulation performance/satisfaction/commitment. Organizational Behaviour studies beset the abstraction of organizations from assorted viewpoints, methods, levels of analysis. For example, one arbiter divides these assorted viewpoints into two perspectives: modern, symbolic, post-modern. Addition acceptable distinction, present in American academia, is amid the abstraction of micro authoritative behaviour-which refers to alone accumulation dynamics in an authoritative setting-and macro cardinal administration authoritative access which studies accomplished organizations industries, how they change, the strategies, structures contingencies that adviser them. To this distinction, some acceptance accept added an absorption in meso primarily absorbed in power, culture, the networks of individuals units in organizations-and field akin analysis, which abstraction how accomplished populations of organizations, interact. In Europe these distinctions do abide as well, but are added hardly reflected in authoritative divisions. One of the capital goals of authoritative theorists is, according to Simms (1994) to abate authoritative access advance a bigger conceptualisation of authoritative life. An authoritative theorist care to anxiously anticipate about levels assumptions actuality fabricated in theory, is anxious to advice managers administrators. The systems framework is additionally capital to authoritative access as organizations are circuitous activating aggressive processes. One of the aboriginal thinkers in the acreage was Alexander Bogdanov, who developed his Tectology, a access broadly anticipation about a forerunner of Bertalanffys General Systems Theory, aiming to archetypal architecture human organizations. Kurt Lewin was affecting in developing the systems angle aural authoritative access coined the appellation systems of ideology, from his annoyance with behavioural psychologies that became a albatross to acceptable assignment in attitude (see Ash 1992: 198-207). The complication access angle on organizations is addition systems appearance of organizations. The systems access to organizations depends heavily aloft accomplishing abrogating anarchy through artlessness and feedback. A systemic appearance on organizations is Tran antidote and integrative. In added words, it transcends the perspectives of alone disciplines, amalgam them on the base of an accepted code, or added exactly, on the base of the academic accessories provided by systems theory. The systems access gives ability to the interrelationships, not to the elements of the process. It is from these activating interrelationships that new backdrop of the activity emerges. In contempt years, systems cerebration accept been developed to accommodate techniques for belief systems in holistic means to supplement acceptable reductionistic methods. In this added contempt tradition, some as a humanistic addendum of the accustomed sciences thinks about systems access in authoritative studies. Motivation the armament either centralized or alfresco to a being that agitates activity and attrition to accompany an absolute coursework of action. According to Baron et al. (2008): Although action is a ample and adult idea, authoritative scientists accept agreed on its basal characteristics. Drawing from assorted amusing sciences, they ascertain action as the set of processes that arouse, direct, and advance human behaviour against attaining some goal 3.2.2 Different approaches to management The human relations human factors approaches were captivated in to an ample behavioural science movement in the 1950s 1960s. This aeon produced some affecting theories on the action of human performance. For example, Maslows bureaucracy of needs provided an alone focus on the affidavit why bodies work. They argued that bodies annoyed an ascendance alternation of needs from survival, through aegis to closing self-actualisation. In the aforementioned period, account of job architecture such as job accessory job amplification were inquired in to. It was acquainted that bodies would accord added to an alignment in the accident that they acquired achievement from their jobs. Jobs care to be advised to be alluring arduous to accretion the adherence of workers an axial affair of HRM. Classic theories were produced in the 1950s 1960s aural the human relations framework. By the 1970s best managers all-around in academic administration training were acquainted of: Theory X Theory Y (McGregor, 1960); of Maslow Herzbergs action theories; knew area they care to be in agreement of the authoritative filigree (Blake Mouton, 1964). These theorists advocated participative, soft approaches to management. Yet, alone a boyhood of managers in the USA accustomed such training, with alike beneath in added countries. Best operational managers anxious with production, engineering, or administration had formed their way up from low-level jobs: they were apparently afterpiece in spirit to F.W. Taylor than the theorists of the 1950s 1960s. Human Resource Administration summarizes added key administration theories, including administration by objectives, contingency, authoritative development, cardinal management, administration and accumulated culture. Most theories are not absolutely new they acclimate or advance earlier concepts due to perceived inadequacies in the originals. Administration cerebration is like an admission tide: anniversary beachcomber comes added up the beach, again retreats, abrogation a little abaft to be overtaken by the abutting wave. you can additionally anticipate about the limitations of commonsense the actuality that best issues accept been accomplished already, in some form, by anyone else. They can apprentice from that added experience, admitting commonsense is about individual. The accustomed acumen in the abstract on organisational acclimate is that artisan captivation is acute to acceptable alter, in situations that crave attitudinal cultural alter. Therefore, any quick organisational transformations can alone be acceptable if they focus on structural as about-face to cultural alters. The case with MS is scenarios of quick organisational transformation, which was based on an eyes imposed on the aggregation in a chiefly charge fashion, bottom ward from the top, by its administration CEO, but which could potentially advance to a boundless acclimate of approaches behaviours in the company. This acclimate in the bosom of the trading aeon was a capricious action would accompany a behemothic abashing for the staff, putting an aerial burden on their performance. It was an appearing acclimate area agents had to advance acclimatize to new means of a adulate organisational anatomy new means of operations beneath new business units. One of the affidavit abaft the proposed change is to change the approaches and behaviours of the staff. Bodies are actuality all-important to amend their approaches appear how assignment is performed and their approaches to their counterparts externally. Whatever anatomy it takes, if it is to be winning, there are two people-related activities that crave to be undertaken: breeding alertness to change; involving people, and comestible the drive (Dooryard and Benschop, 2003; Burnes, 2004). MS in gluttonous to accomplish alertness and an address for change crave actuality acquainted that affirmation the absolute aspects of the proposed change may accept abundant an abrogating appulse on the companys performance. Therefore, MS charge accomplish bodies absolutely acquainted of the burden for such change in the coursework of the trading period, giving them an advancing acknowledgment on the achievement and areas of action aural the organisation, and compassionate staffs fears and concerns. A connected advice and captivation will charge be present, accoutrement assets and explanations for change. Aligned band managers will charge accord all abutment bare to the change agents, actualise new adequacy and abilities and reinforce adapted behaviours, such as added pay or bonus. In the case of MS, it can be apparent that the aggregation advisedly set out to change the base on which it competed by reinventing itself as a service-based organisation. One of the accepted perceptions for acceptable organizations is that they care to apperceive their own strengths and weaknesses, their customers needs and the attributes of the ambience in which they operate. Hence, by introducing new business units MS aimed to accomplish them absolutely profit-accountable, putting added accent on the alone achievement of the departments. This would accredit MS to finer ascendancy their operations and appearance area the improvements crave to be implemented. Hence, by this new access to business practices, the aggregation had to carefully anticipate about cardinal issues of HRM. The new changes to business units adulate aggregation anatomy are acceptable to access artisan empowerment responsibility, accretion added of the absolute contacts with barter architecture new knowledge. Post-Modern theories acclaim bigger adjustable strategies, all-around acclimate in the anatomy of ability relationships, area they specialise in their acreage of tasks (Johnson Schools, 2002; Francis, 2003), To become added adjustable ASD Decided to administer a added incumbent administration alignment style. Through a bright administration role of appointed active of business units, centralisation will alike be aerial alone to an absolute degree, not to anticipate ability adaptability of staff. Coordination will charge to be in a blazon of a bright structured bureaucracy analysis of labour. To animate job accessory agents satisfaction, ASDA may authorize one or added specific analogous roles. Liaisons, alone or departmental, committees, assignment forces, activity groups, th e like are all examples of achievable structural analogous devices. Lots of avant-garde theorists anticipate that in adjustment to accomplish business ability needs to be change-oriented , hence, ASDA charge to acclimate to appropriate alteration settings centralized workforce diversity. 3.3 Relationship between motivational theories The chat motivation is coined from the Latin chat mover, which agency to move. Action is authentic as a centralized drive that activates behaviour and gives it direction. The appellation action approach is anxious with the processes that call why and how human behaviour is activated and directed. It is admired as one of the best important areas of abstraction in the acreage of authoritative behaviour. There are eight altered categories of action theories such as agreeable theories, and adjustment theories. Although there are altered action theories, none of them are usually accepted. 3.3.1 Different leadership styles and their effectiveness Also accepted as charge theory, the agreeable approach of activity mainly focuses on the centralized factors that animate and absolute human behaviour. Mallows bureaucracy of needs, Aldermens ERG theory, Herzebergs motivator-hygiene approach (Herzebergs bifold factors theory), and McClellands abstruse needs or three-needs approach is some of the above agreeable theories. Of the altered types of agreeable theories, the best acclaimed agreeable approach is Abraham Maslows bureaucracy of human needs. Maslow alien bristles levels of basal needs through his theory. Basal needs are categorized as physiological needs, assurance and aegis needs, needs of love, needs for cocky admire and needs for self-actualisation. Just like Maslows bureaucracy of needs, ERG approach explains existence, relatedness, and advance needs. Through bifold factors theory, Herzeberg describes assertive factors in the workplace, which after-effect in job satisfaction. McClellands abstruse needs or three-needs approach uses a projective address alleged the Thematic Aptitude Test (TAT) so as to appraise bodies based on three needs: power, achievement, and affiliation. Bodies with aerial charge of ability booty activity in a way that influences the others behaviour. 3.3.2 Different motivational theories and their application Another blazon of motivation access is address theory. Address theories of action accommodate an adventitious to appreciate anticipation processes that access behaviour. The above address theories of action accommodate Adams disinterestedness theory, Vrooms assumption theory, goal-setting theory, accretion theory. Expectancy, instrumentality, valence are the key account explained in the assumption theory. Objective ambience access suggests that the individuals are motivated to ability set goals. It additionally requires that the set goals be specific. Accretion access is anxious with authoritative behaviour by manipulating its consequences. The job of an administrator in the abode is to get things completed through employees. To do this administrator care to be able to actuate employees. But thats not as adamantine said than completed! Action conveyance access are difficult subjects, affecting on several disciplines. In animosity of immense research, basal as able-bodied as applied, the accountable of action is not acutely accepted as an aphorism ailing practiced. To appreciate action one charge appreciates human attributes itself. There lies the problem! Human attributes can be actual simple, yet actual circuitous too. A compassionate acknowledgment of this is a prerequisite to able agent action in the abode accordingly able administration leadership. Quite afar from the account and moral amount of an altruistic access to alleviative colleagues as human beings and apropos human address in all its forms, analysis and observations appearance that able-bodied motivated advisers are added advantageous and inventive. The changed additionally holds true. The schematic beneath indicates the abeyant addition the applied appliance of the attempt this cardboard has on abbreviation assignment agreeable in the organization. 3.3.3 The relationship between motivation theory and the practice of management Psychologist Abraham Maslow said that bodies are motivated by attempts to fulfil their claimed needs. Here are some examples of how his Hierarchy of Needs explains action in the workplace. Basic physiological needs are met with air-conditioned blast (breathing), toilets (excretion), a breach at the accomplishment of the day (sleep). Assurance aegis is covered with aegis cadre (personal safety), assurance accessories like adamantine hats goggles in factories (physical safety), an approved pay-packet (financial security). Friendship an activity of acceptance appear from relationships with co-workers. These are all deficiency needs, after which bodies cannot assignment actual well. If we accept been met at atomic to some extent, again the growth needs of achievement, creativity, botheration analytic can be pursued. Frederick Herzbergs two-factor approach builds on Maslows ideas, calling his absence needs hygiene factors, which demotivate back absent, but do not affect back fulfilled. The motivator factors are what get bodies alive better: cogent job content, a faculty of responsibility, acceptance for their work. Assumption theory, from Victor Vroom, tries to appearance how bodies baddest to do things, than what we absolutely do. Lets say an aggregation controlling desires to accompany the administration board. The affability of this after-effect for him, or valence, is actual high. We decide to alpha a cast active new artefact range: we have an aerial assumption that we can achieve it acceptable. We apperceive that the lath ethics initiative, so if it is winning, this will accord him the believability we needs to accompany the lath (instrumentality). These two accounts are accustomed after ethics are acclimated to account the motivational force. Expectancy approach recognises the accord amid work, achievement reward. Best of us accept had an anniversary achievement assessment, area they appraise what they did in the aftermost year, get acknowledgment on it. They again set goals for the abutting twelve months. The goals demand to be specific (clear measurable), arduous (not elementary, but not badly difficult), justified (we generally set them ourselves, in the ambience of the organisation). This comes beeline from Edwin Lockes goal-setting theory. Of coursework the adeptness charge be there afore ambience goals allurement a human assets specialist to architecture electrical circuits doesnt achieve sense. Material incentives to achieve the goals, such as a bonus, may advance dedication. Goal ambience appears to be accepted and effective, but its some shortcomings, best conspicuously that affection generally suffers in the name of quantity. For example, if I am a salesperson, and my cold is to access the cardinal of barter I see in a day, again the affection of those interactions will ache as I demand to do things added bound and move on to the abutting customer. No amount how affable I am, some barter ability alike see a quick altercation as ambitious or rude. 3.4 Working with others, teamwork, groups and group dynamics An accumulation is a accumulating of two or added interacting individuals in an abiding arrangement of relationships, provides rewards to its members, who allotment goals, and apperceive themselves as a group. Group characteristics: Â · Two or added bodies in amusing interaction. Â · Rewards to members. Â · Stable structure. Â · Members allotment accepted interests or goals. Â · Individuals charge apperceives themselves as a group. Mere aggregates of bodies do not fit this analogue because they do not collaborate and do not apperceive themselves to be a accumulation alike if they are acquainted of anniversary added as, for instance, a army on a artery addition watching some accident (nominal groups). True groups posses all of the qualities of groups, abnormally the affection of alternation (interacting groups). Formal and Breezy Groups Individuals accompany groups, or are assigned to groups, to achieve assorted purposes. If an administrator to advice the alignment achieve its goals forms the group, again it qualifies as an academic group. Academic groups about abrasion such labels as assignment group, team, committee, affection circle, or assignment force. A breezy accumulation exists back the members cardinal purpose of accepting calm is friendship. Although academic and breezy groups generally overlap, such as an aggregation of accumulated auditors branch for the tennis courts afterwards work, some advisers are not accompany with their co-workers. 3.4.1 the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations Its important to admit what bodys accord to your assignment efforts. Today, they ran an account day about human affliction and humanity for my average academy students. They visited a human apartment and spent the day acquirements about issues accompanying to humans, and again authoritative toys for the canines and felines. My affairs depend on donations from the association in adjustment to run, and they bare a lot of yarn to accomplish toys for the felines. A miniscule but beautiful knitting abundance donated $182 account of yarn for our project, which was mind-blowing! The stores donation heartened my students efforts and accustomed for affluence of apartment bodies to accept fun toys to comedy with. In acknowledgment for the donation, they took affluence of pieces of toys fabricated with the yarn in adjustment to accelerate them to her, forth with a card. Theres several practices of leadership: Model the Way, Inspire a Shared Vision, Challenge the technique, Enable Others to Act, Animate the Heart. Model the Way agency practicing what you preach; animate others to be accomplished by accomplishing so yourself. Inspire a Shared Vision includes advertent an accepted cold or amount that everybody can assignment toward, which can beggarly added abundance and abode satisfaction. Enable Others to Act agency not allotment and alarming them, but additionally to advice by giving them what they demand to accomplish and contribute. Animate the Heart agency affectionate others for what they add to an activity or workforce. As far as a conveyance that is a breadth of backbone for me, Animate the Heart is absolutely a breadth of backbone because my alignment has absolutely gotten me in the addiction of accomplishing so. They initially were all-important to address appreciations, whether in e-mails, cards, or miniscule $.25 of paper. They alike fabri cated Appreciation Boxes in adjustment to accurate acknowledgment and recognition. It became a habit, and now I am affectionate body on an approved basis. Its simple to do and its an actual absolute thing. Bodies accept consistently said that I am a accommodating person, anyway, so its simple for me to admit what bod